GEOGRAPHY: UNIT 3

-Birth rate: total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year

-Death rate:  measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time

-Natural increase: crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

-Infant mortality rate: refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age

-Life expectancy: statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of their birth, their current age and other demographic factors including sex

-Birth control: allows us to prevent pregnancy and plan the timing of pregnancy 

-Dependent population: Group of people who, on the reference date, were in one of the following situations in relation to activity: unemployed looking for their first job, studying or carrying out non-remunerated household chores.

-Dependency ratio: measure showing the number of dependents, aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64

-Family planning: the practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births, particularly by means of artificial contraception or voluntary sterilization

-Population piramids/age-gender structures: graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing

-Replacement rate: percentage of a worker's pre-retirement income that is paid out by a pension program upon retirement

-Fertility rate:  ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

-Ageing population: phenomenon that occurs when the median age of a country or region increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates.

-Population distribution: the arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also, how the population of an area is arranged according to variables such as age, race, or sex

-Population density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density

-MEDC: a more economically developed country 

-LEDC: a less economically developed country 

-Overpopulation: situation in which too many people or animals live in a certain area

-Underpopulation: population lower than is normal or desirable